Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Galectin-13 (GAL13) / Placental Protein 13 (PP13) (PP13/1161), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a 32 kDa protein, which is identified as homodimer of galectin-13 (also known as PP13). Galectins are a family of soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectins that modulate cell-to-cell adhesion and cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and play a role in tumor progression, pre-mRNA splicing and apoptosis. One such member, galectin-13, is a 139 amino acid protein that contains one galectin domain. Possessing lysophospholipase activity, galectin-13 exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Galectin-13 is suggested to have a developmental role in the placenta and may display immunobiological activity in feto-maternal blood-spaces. Screening for galectin-13 in maternal serum during the first trimester of pregnancy may serve as a diagnostic marker to predict preterm pre-eclampsia.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Co
Biotium Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)(KLK3/801 + KLK3/1248), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a single protein of 33-34 kDa, identified as the prostate specific antigen (PSA). This MAb is highly specific to PSA and stains prostatic secretory and ductal epithelium in both normal and neoplastic tissues. PSA is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease (kallikrein family) exclusively produced by the prostate epithelium, and abundant in seminal fluid. PSA can be detected in the sera of patients with prostatic carcinoma. It is predominantly complexed to a liver-derived serine protease inhibitor, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). A higher proportion of serum PSA is complexed to ACT in prostate cancer than in benign prostate hyperplasia.
Biotium CD74(LN-2 + CLIP/813), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74. It is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance
Biotium Napsin A (Lung Adenocarcinoma Marker)(NAPSA/1238 + NAPSA/1239), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Napsin is a pepsin-like aspartic proteinase connected with maturation of surfactant protein B.There are two closely related napsins, napsin A and napsin B. Napsin A is expressed as a single chain protein. Immunohistochemical studies revealed high expression levels of napsin A in human lung and kidney but low expression in spleen. Napsin A is expressed in type II pneumocytes and in adenocarcinomas of lung. The high specificity expression of napsin A in adenocarcinomas of lung is useful to distinguish primary lung adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas of other organs.
Biotium NKX3.1 (Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma Marker)(NKX3.1/3347), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
NKX3. 1 is a prostate specific gene encoding a transcription factor that plays an important role in normal prostate development and carcinogenesis. It is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 8p21. 2, which frequently undergoes a loss of heterozygosity. NKX3. 1 expression is highly restricted in prostate epithelial cells and therefore can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer and other metastatic lesions of prostatic origin. Furthermore, NKX3. 1 shows better sensitivity than Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) for identifying metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. This suggests that immunohistochemical staining of NKX3. 1, along with other prostate-restricted markers, may be valuable for the definitive determination of prostatic origin in poorly differentiated metastatic carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note
Biotium Cytokeratin 20 (KRT20) (Colorectal Epithelial Marker)(KRT20/3145), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes an intermediate filament protein of 46 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 20 (KRT20). KRT20 is abundantly expressed in goblet cells and enterocytes of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a useful marker of pancreatic and colorectal cancer. KRT20 is expressed under normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic conditions. It has been detected in adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomachand biliary tract. Breast carcinomas are generally non-reactive. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Spectrin beta III (SPTBN2)(SPTBN2/2979R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin is an actin binding protein that is a major component of the plasma membrane skeleton. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers by forming dimers, tetramers and higher polymers. Vertebrate spectrins have two alpha-subunits (alpha-I/alpha-II) four beta-subunits (beta-I-beta-IV) and a beta-H subunit creating diversity and specialization of function. Spectrin III is highly expressed in brain, kidney, pancreas and liver, and at lower levels in lung and placenta. Spectrin beta 3 is primarily expressed in nervous tissues with highest expression levels in the cerebellum, where it is found in Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium C1QA / Complement C1q A-Chain(C1QA/2952), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Complement C1q A Chain (C1qa) is a subunit of C1q. C1q is composed of 6 polypeptide chains each of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc. C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, and thereby plays an important role in the immune response. Each C1q subunit contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. The presence of receptors for C1q on effector cells modulates its activity, which may be antibody-dependent or independent. Macrophages are the primary source of C1q, while anti-inflammatory drugs as well as cytokines differentially regulate expression of the mRNA as well as the protein. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium RET Proto-oncogene(RET/2976), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The Ret proto-oncogene is structurally related to the growing family of tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors and is involved in GDNF signaling. RET expression is reported in several regions of the central nervous system; in the developing cranial nerve ganglia and a subset of cells within dorsal root ganglia, in motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain, in neuro-retina and the growing tips of the renal collecting ducts in developing kidney. Alterations in RETgene are associated with diseases including papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia (type 2A and 2B), familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and a congenital developmental disorder known as Hirschsprung's disease. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium ATRX / RAD54 (Alpha Thalassemia Mental Retardation) (ATRX/2900R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
ATRX is a member of the Snf2 family of helicase/ATPases, which contribute to the remodeling of the nucelosome structure in an ATP-dependent manner, and facilitate the initiation of transcription and replication. Structurally, ATRX contains a PHD zinc finger motif. ATRX is regulated throughout the cell cycle where it is differentially distributed within the nucleus. During interphase, ATRX predominately associates with the nuclear matrix, while during mitosis, ATRX localizes with condensed chromatin. At the onset of M phase, phosphorylation rapidly induces this redistribution of ATRX to the short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes, where it then specifically complexes with heterochromatin protein 1 alpha to mediate chromosomal segregation. Mutations in the ATRX gene correlate with a high incidence of severe X-linked form of syndromal mental retardation associated with alpha-thalassemia or ATRX syndrome. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescen
Biotium Bcl-2 (Apoptosis & Follicular Lymphoma Marker) (BCL2/1878R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as Bcl-2. This antibody shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax proteins. Bcl-2 suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. It regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Bcl-2 appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. It inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). Expression of Bcl-2 inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of Bcl-2 protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those foll
Biotium GP2 (Glycoprotein 2) / ZAP75 (GP2/1805), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GP2 (glycoprotein 2), also known as ZAP75, is a 537 amino acid secreted protein. It is an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. GP2 is cleaved and then released into the pancreatic duct along with exocrine secretions. GP2 binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the innate immune response. The C-terminus of this protein is related to the C-terminus of the protein encoded by the neighboring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). GP2 is also expressed on the apical plasma membrane of specialized microfold (M) cells among enterocytes and serves as a transcytotic receptor for mucosal antigens. M cells are considered a promising target for oral vaccination against various infectious diseases.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness
Biotium Cytokeratin 6 (KRT6) (Hyperproliferation-Related Keratin) (KRT6/1702), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 6 (CK6). In humans, multiple isoforms of Cytokeratin 6 (6A-6F), encoded by several highly homologous genes, have distinct tissue expression patterns, and Cytokeratin 6A is the dominant form in epithelial tissue. The gene encoding human Cytokeratin 6A maps to chromosome 12q13, and mutations in this gene are linked to several inheritable hair and skin pathologies. Keratins 6 and 16 are expressed in keratinocytes, which are undergoing rapid turnover in the suprabasal region (also known as hyper-proliferation-related keratins). Keratin 6 is found in hair follicles, suprabasal cells of a variety of internal stratified epithelia, in epidermis, in both normal and hyper-proliferative situations. Epidermal injury results in activation of keratinocytes, which express CK6 and CK16. CK6 is strongly expressed in about 75% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Expression of CK6 is particularly associated with different
Biotium MUC2 (Mucin 2) (MLP/2970R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520 kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This MAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Its epitope has been defined as GTQTP (GlyThrGlnThrPro). Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluores